Guidelines

regarding national-patriotic education in general educational institutions

    Taking into account the new social and political realities in Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity, the circumstances related to Russian aggression, the education of a sense of patriotism in the young generation is becoming increasingly relevant, devotion to the national cause of strengthening the country, active citizenship, etc.

    It is important that each educational institution becomes a center for the child to become a citizen-patriot of Ukraine, ready to take responsibility, selflessly build the country as a sovereign, independent, democratic, legal , a welfare state, ensure its national security, promote the unity of the Ukrainian political nation and the establishment of civil peace and harmony in society.

    An important factor in national-patriotic education is the phenomenon of the Maidan - an eloquent testimony of sacrifice for the unconditional observance of human rights and respect for human dignity, the defense of national interests by the refusal of participants to achieve personal common goal; multilingualism, polyreligiosity. The content of educational events should position the Maidan as a form of peaceful collective protest of Ukrainians unprecedented in world history in response to violations of basic human and citizen rights by the undemocratic political regime in the country.

It is urgent to organize the collection and distribution of information about the heroic deeds of Ukrainian servicemen, fighters of volunteer battalions during the Russian-Ukrainian war, volunteers and other citizens who made a significant contribution to strengthening Ukraine's defense capabilities.

Heroic and at the same time dramatic and even tragic events of recent times encourage the renewal of expositions of school museums, reserves and rooms of combat glory, in particular, regarding information about ATO participants and volunteers from the given territory; it is necessary to take patronage over the families of ATO members who need it. In general, it is important to form personal qualities characterized by a valuable attitude to society, the state, oneself and others, nature, work, and art through the means of the content of educational subjects.

    With this in mind, we recommend:

    First, to single out national-patriotic education as one of the most important directions of educational work is a matter that is a strategic task in its importance. No less important is the daily education of respect for the Constitution of the state, legislation, state symbols - the Coat of Arms, the Flag, the Anthem.

Secondly, it is necessary to raise national self-awareness in schoolchildren, a willingness to understand moral and cultural values, history, a system of actions motivated by love, faith, will, and awareness of responsibility.

Thirdly, to systematically educate students in a civic position; study and popularization of the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, preservation and promotion of the historical and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people; improvement of military-patriotic education of youth, formation of readiness to defend the Motherland.

Fourth, an important aspect of the formation of a nationally self-conscious personality is the education of respect and love for the state language. Mastering the Ukrainian language and using it should become a priority in educational work with children. The language environment should influence the formation of a student-citizen, a patriot of Ukraine.

Fifth, to form the moral qualities of the individual, the culture of behavior, to cultivate a careful attitude to nature, to develop motivation for work.

  To implement these global tasks, systematic work is necessary, which involves ensuring a harmonious relationship of various directions, means, and methods of raising children in the process of education and extracurricular activities.

Forms and methods of educational work, which are the basis of Cossack pedagogy, should be introduced into the educational process.

Thanks to the results of pedagogical research, it has been reliably established that 40 percent of the total educational influence on a child's personality is carried out  by the educational environment in which he is. This number in each specific case of school practice varies according to the characteristics of the region, school, class, its microgroups and individual characteristics of the children themselves. But it should be recognized that among other sources of influence on the formation and development of a child (family, peers, extracurricular educational institutions, etc.), the school occupies a dominant position, so more responsibility is placed on it, and more opportunities open up to it.

In order to create conditions for the realization of every personality and to support the creative, intellectual, and spiritual potential of our nation, it is necessary to modernize  the system of teaching the Ukrainian language, namely:

- in educational and educational activities, strictly adhere to a single language regime;

- to form an informationally and emotionally unique Ukrainian-language space that will ensure the involvement of schoolchildren in the vast linguistic wonderland, in global knowledge about the native language, its laws, the system of its expressive and visual means;

- to foster a responsible attitude towards the native language, conscious use of it;

- promote the manifestation of the Ukrainian mentality, a way of self-awareness and self-identification, the perception of the Ukrainian language as a code of prehistoric memory;

- nurture the development of the spiritual, emotional-aesthetic, intellectual sphere precisely on the basis of the Ukrainian language;

-  through language mediation to involve schoolchildren in national history, in various massifs of national culture, in the deep essence of national life;

- to develop speech not only in lessons of Ukrainian language and literature, but also during the study of all other subjects.

  Educational institutions should also carry out information and educational work with parents aimed at forming  language, history, tolerance, respect for culture and customs and traditions of both Ukrainians and representatives of various nationalities with the participation of psychologists, historians, criminal police officers.

At the same time, it is necessary to intensify the cooperation of pedagogical teams with the bodies of student  and parental self-government regarding the formation in children and young people  of spirituality, moral culture, tolerant behavior, and the ability to live in a civil society.

In the context of the above, we provide methodological recommendations for national-patriotic education in general educational institutions.

History

    As Oleksandr wrote   Dovzhenko: "A nation that does not know its history is a nation of the blind."  -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_  And such people  will always be despised and enslaved. The Ukrainian state will be able to develop only by knowing its past, and remembering that historical consciousness is the highest spiritual value of any nation.

In the spiritual and political life of every nation there are events and years that are forever included in its history, consciousness, determine the nature of existence, place and role in world civilizational processes. In the history of Ukraine, there are many events that proved to the whole world the desire of the Ukrainian people for a free, happy, prosperous life. As history shows, out of thousands of peoples and nationalities of the world, only 200 grew into a nation - created their own states and achieved recognition of the world community, among them - Ukraine.

History lessons lay the foundations of future citizens' historical ideas about the ancient past of the Ukrainian people, their language, culture, mental traits, state and political life, as an integral part of the formation of European civilization. Here  students should acquire basic scientific knowledge that will serve as a foundation for the formation of their historical consciousness and patriotism. Ukrainian patriotism is a phenomenon that reflects everything undeniably valuable in the history of Ukrainian statehood, recognizes the natural regularity of the long-term historical development of the Ukrainian nation and people up to the creation of its statehood.

   Під час уроків історії  вчитель має донести до учнів  ідею_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ of Ukrainian statehood as a consolidating factor in the development of society and the nation as a whole. The history of Russia-Ukraine, the Lithuanian-Russian state, the Zaporizhzhya Sich, Hetmanship, UNR, ZUNR  is a vivid example  of the long state traditions of Ukraine. Highlighting topics related to the restoration  of historical memory  about them, comparative and historical information about the interruption of statehood in other European countries, which today are powerful European nations, as well as historical circumstances that lead to the interruption of statehood. The system of patriotic education provides for the formation of the historical consciousness of the younger generation of Ukrainians, which is based on the study of the history of the struggle of the Ukrainian people for state independence during its historical path, especially in the XX-XXI centuries. the struggle of the Ukrainian people for the right to have their own national state, which should become a guarantee of successful cultural and political development of society.

    When studying the glorious pages of history, it is worth paying attention to that great and bright thing that elevates our nation to the heights of civilization, defines its merits to humanity. After all, Ukrainians are the only Cossack nation in the world. The Cossacks were   a disciplined organization of the Ukrainian people themselves, a primordial form of their self-organization and self-defense in times of adversity based on the ancient custom of Vola. In Cossack times, our people were characterized by a high level of nobility, morality, spirituality, prowess and feats, knowledge and impeccable observance of national traditions and customs. Zaporozhian Sich was and remains today a synonym of freedom, independence, human and national dignity.

In senior classes, it is necessary  to focus attention on  the patriotism and morality of the leaders of the liberation movement, to show the origins of this patriotism. Так  символом патріотизму і жертовності у боротьбі за незалежну Україну  став подвиг   героїв Крут, боротьба за волю Ukrainian insurgents of Kholodny Yar, activities of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, opposition of dissidents to the totalitarian system, etc. Ці та інші теми є надзвичайно емоційними, хвилюючими і дають невичерпні  можливості для розкриття  такої  людської  якості , as self-sacrifice in the name of the nation and the state. Proclamation of the Act of Independence of Ukraine opened a new page in the history of Ukraine.

   The history of Ukraine is not only events, but also historical figures. On the examples of life, activity and struggle for the state of Ukrainian princes, Cossacks, outstanding hetmans B. Khmelnytskyi, I. Mazepa, P. Orlyk; of the entire Ukrainian people and its outstanding representatives - T. Shevchenko, V. Vynnychenko, M. Mikhnovskyi, M. Hrushevskyi, S. Petliura, S. Bandera and many others, the teacher must demonstrate the national dignity of our people, their desire to have their own state.

At all stages of formation, the Ukrainian people demonstrated a high national spirit and a desire to live freely and independently, in peace and harmony with other peoples.  

Особливими мають стати уроки, присвячені революційним  змінам, що відбулись   у листопаді 2013 - березні 2014 р.р., що_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ demonstrated the readiness of the young generation to defend national values, Ukrainian statehood, orientation to the fundamental landmarks of world civilization.        Вчитель must prove to the students that thanks to basic civilizational values it was possible  to demarcate the world of dictatorial values of Eurasianism and universal human values of Europe.

    Події, які пережив народ України упродовж 2013 – 2014 рр.  ще раз засвідчили, which was proclaimed in 1991 state independence requires constant protection,   deep understanding and appreciation of what is happening around us. That is why in the lessons dedicated to the present, special attention is paid to the role of the participants  of the hostilities in the East of Ukraine and volunteers. -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_

Teachers should thoroughly study the terms "patriotism", "nation", and their understanding by students. It is necessary to emphasize the fact that patriotism in the present time manifests itself not only in the direct struggle in the East with an external enemy, not only in emergency situations, but is a normal state of everyday human life.

    In history lessons, the education of civic consciousness, dignity and honor takes place in a harmonious combination of national and universal values, the affirmation of the ideals of humanism, democracy, goodness and justice. The teacher must make students aware of the common interests  of all ethnic groups of the Ukrainian people in the development of Ukraine, the formation of inter-ethnic tolerance, the need to develop spiritual, physical perfection, moral, artistic-aesthetic, legal, labor, environmental culture_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ etc.

      At the same time, one of the teacher's tasks is the maximum use of the potential of creative abilities and talents of students. Intellectual games, discussions, debates, press conferences, "round table" meetings, thematic dialogues, business games and other interactive forms of work will emotionally enrich the lessons. It is recommended to widely use documents, memories, film and photo materials, sound recordings, works of art, which will help to create an appropriate emotional atmosphere in the lessons, will strengthen the educational impact of the educational material.

Educators should focus students' attention on the role of our Ukrainian scientists in the development of science, revive forgotten names. National-patriotic education of youth, which is decisive in the formation of spiritual values of youth, is more relevant today than ever. After all, spirituality and a high level of consciousness are the basis of the future political, economic and cultural development of our country. And the vocation of educational institutions is to ensure that, in addition to solid professional knowledge, young people - tomorrow's elite of the country - also form a spiritually rich and nationally conscious worldview, realize themselves as participants in state-building processes and a sense of responsibility for them.